First, the establishment of Guge Dynasty
Guge ruins capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region is located in Ngari Zada County, 18 kilometers outside the Lang Qin Jiang zangbo the slopes of the southern coast, have elapsed since the last millennium of history. Far away in Tibet when the rise of tribal grind Ya Ali region has existed for thousands of years of history with zhang Bon civilization. The ninth century AD the collapse of the Tubo Dynasty, the king吉德尼玛descent flee gun possession Ali al-Gharbi, then gradually establish a new local government - Guge Dynasty.
Since the end of the century until the year nine collapse in 1630 ended the year in the long reign of Guge Dynasty, the ancient Buddhist culture grid region has been unprecedented development. According to historical statistics, Ngari period have built hundreds of temples, works hard to draw a number of murals, the Tibetan Buddhist art have been new developments. Ali Buddhist murals are mainly distributed in the Champlain, Gerze, Ga'er Rutog and other places with more than 70 monasteries, of which the ancient city of Guge and Tuo temple murals,科迦Temple, East Kavalan most beautiful murals, the most Ali Buddhist mural art representation.
Guge ruins is the capital of palaces and temples combine construction of multi-functional buildings, sites more well-preserved frescoes are mainly distributed in White Hall, Red Hall卓玛拉康, Yoshio Lacan and the Mandala of the permitted . Abnormal mural content rich, almost a full reflection of the Guge Dynasty Buddhist monks all aspects of life. Important historical figures, religious figures and real-life scenes are vivid portrayal, from the king, religious masters, official envoy, Princess, monks, down to the people, officers and men, businessmen, tourists, and even farming, harvesting, hunting, crowded milk and secular life has been a reflection of lifelike. Thus, these murals on our understanding of the rise and fall of Guge Dynasty change the image of the historical record.
在藏传佛教壁画艺术中，阿里古格壁画以她独特的艺术魅力和美学情调，有别于其它藏区的壁画风格，形成了别具一格的艺术流派，并呈现出多元文化的特点。在藏族艺术史乃至中国艺术史上，古格壁画都具有很高的艺术欣赏价值和宗教文化研究价值。现存的古格壁画为我们认识和研究古代阿里同周边克什米尔、西域、尼泊尔、印度等国家和地区的宗教文化关系史，提供了极其重要的材料。古格壁画所蕴涵的丰富的文化信息，证明古格艺术是域外多民族佛教文化艺术融合创新的典范。
一、古格王朝的建立
古格都城遗址位于西藏自治区阿里地区扎达县18公里外的郎钦藏布江南岸的山坡上，距今已有近千年的历史。远在吐蕃雅砻部落兴起时，阿里地区已存在着具有数千年历史的象雄苯教文明。公元九世纪吐蕃王朝崩溃，国王后裔吉德尼玛衮逃亡藏西阿里，其后逐步建立起一个新的地方政权――古格王朝。
自公元九世纪末直至公元1630年覆灭止，在漫长的古格王朝统治时期里，古格地区的佛教文化得到了前所未有的发展。据史料统计，阿里地区这段时期兴建的寺庙有数百座，绘制的壁画作品难以数计，藏传佛教艺术得到了新的发展。阿里佛教壁画主要分布在普兰、改则、噶尔、日土等地70多座寺庙内，其中以古格古城壁画和陀林寺、科迦寺、东噶壁画最为精美，最具阿里佛教壁画艺术的代表性。
古格都城遗址是宫殿建筑与寺院建筑结合为一体的多功能建筑，遗址中保存较完好的壁画主要分布在白殿、红殿、卓玛拉康、吉生拉康和曼陀罗佛殿之中。壁画内容异常丰富，几乎全面反映了古格王朝僧俗生活的各个方面。重要的历史人物、宗教人物和现实生活场景均有生动的描绘，上自国王、宗教大师、官吏使臣、王妃、僧侣，下至百姓、将士、商人、游人，甚至耕种、收获、打猎、挤奶等世俗生活内容也得到维妙维肖的反映。因而，这些壁画就成为我们了解古格王朝兴衰变迁的形象的历史纪录。