First, Hui and martial arts
Due to the complex formed in the situation in the late feudal society, by unstable living environment, a wide range of movement and mobility of factors, the Hui have Shangwu practices since ancient times. Since since the Tang Dynasty, Xian Hui practicing martial arts practices have never stopped, in the past, whether young or old, rich culture Lianwu; the south where many are still inhabited by the Hui have maintained good Wu Hui ethnic characteristics and good at martial arts. Hebei, Henan, Shandong and other places of the Muslims is very fond of martial arts, passed from generation to generation.
Hui people's favorite martial arts have their own historical reasons: First of all, the source of the Hui ethnic large part of the 13th century in Mongolia due to the war in the west army needs a large number of transfer issued by the East to the young and middle-aged soldiers, who participated in the Mongolian Army reunification of the country's war, and as the end of the war and settled in various places, in times of peace guns get stick dance, fitness and strength is also very natural. Secondly, the Hui have a good history of doing business tradition, in the feudal society, social circumstances, in order to ensure the road safety, martial arts for self-defense is inevitable. If the history of exchanges in Southeast Asia, Yunnan caravan trade, business team leader is normally the person who served as martial arts high-strength in order to have the opportunity through the dangers, to ensure the success of trade. Third, the Hui nationality in the late feudal society to survive the pressure of social unrest larger, to develop a deep self-defense to prevent mental, physical skills are more common. Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty had said: "China and Turkey back to people, multi-boxing-yong." Say that this feature.
Hui always carried out as a martial arts activities inspired the national spirit, fitness, self-defense means. From ancient times, China has also established many mosques martial arts field, to carry out martial arts training, and some imams文武双全itself, in preaching the medium of instruction, it also has to serve as martial arts instructor. If清乾隆年间(1736 - 1795), a well-known imam in Shandong Linyi CHANG Jie, is a good martial art of attack and defense division; Jinan Muslim North Temple, was devoted to the establishment of martial arts, wrestling scene. Today, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, some martial arts culture mutually local martial arts training is also attached in mosques. All these show Hui martial arts have a strong foundation for the masses.
Second, with the martial arts genre characteristics Hui
Since the Ming Dynasty, the Hui martial arts on the shape, the main break up the hands of popular (now called Sanda), Chang-Bing, short soldiers and boxing, including the various routine weapons, equipment and to train dozens of total. One of the most widely spread and there was a unique boxing and Chinese boxing, leg whips,洪拳, boxing and弹腿artillery. In knives, guns, sword, halberd, stick, whip, hammers, hooks and other equipment, the Hui good use of the pole whip (whip亦名Western Regions), son of a stick pin,峨嵋刺, Sok to Po (also known as fishbone Po), etc. rarely seen in the Han nationality.
As for the Five Tigers stick flock to check knives, guns and other investigations are an obvious national characteristics. In addition, the three-way leg whips, 10 Road, Cha fist and ten times弹腿are unique to the Hui, it is known as "teach the door Fist", "Hui Fist" was. In the late Ming dynasty, emerged to marksmanship known "Ma",
"Sha Jia gun"; the Ming Dynasty were widespread in the Arts and Crafts is known as "Hui 18 elbow"; the Qing Dynasty in the late martial arts activities Hui more prosperous, "Education弹腿door" on the produce at that time, Therefore, civil proverb said: "Nanjing to Beijing,弹腿out the door in teaching." Hui excellent martial arts family dynasties founded by弹腿, Cha fist, arm linked to boxing, boxing Liouhe mind,八极拳, Hui 18 elbow, etc. Chinese martial arts have become a valuable asset in.
Below these unique拳种give a brief account:
11弹腿.弹腿commonly known as "teach the door弹腿", produced in the Ming Dynasty, prevalent in the mid-and late Qing Dynasty, the "Nanjing to Beijing, the Education弹腿door of" the proverb. Department of Law to the legs, leg skills, leg Gong Hui To highlight the characteristics of martial arts, six roads, 10 roads, 12 road check points of boxing弹腿because fat legs quickly, such as bullet shells injection, there is a name . Modern have吴志青book into a "teach the door弹腿Book", on弹腿be summarized.
21 Richard boxing. Richard Quan also known as "Hui Quan" mellow stretch its potential, the power burst crisp, paced, flowing full, static and dynamic change, dynamic access, there are 10 offensive and defensive tactics. Asked to do "line such as wind, points such as nails, since such as monkeys, charged as an eagle", moving, such as Tigers, static, such as mountain, speed and white,刚柔相济, tactics clear, sharp reversal of sudden stops; regardless of offensive and defensive act quickly without chaotic, slow and lingering, posture stretch neat, hand-eye who have to step up and down the legs quest, before and after the connected, internal and external consistency. Road fist ten minutes, each sets its own way. Its fist, armed, three kinds of training as many as 70 species routines. Richard Quan Sheng first in Shandong, and later spread throughout Southeast Asia. End of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China are the main human李老Shung, such as Cai Chang-qing. 30 era of the 20th century in order to check good boxing martial arts home of the Hui Wang Ziping, Ying Zhen, Ying-Kin, Chang Chun-fong, Zhang wide gathered at the Nanjing Central Martial Arts Hall, the temporary altar for the Wu event.
31八极拳. The full name of "opening the door to八极拳", the founder of Cangzhou, Hebei Mengcun Hui for "神枪" Wushu Wu Zhong, Yongzheng North Korea as the "P Plus 8初祖of Boxing", with the altar celebrities Wu Li Zhang, Hong vigorously and hereinafter referred to as "martial arts Sanjie," more than 200 years ago.八极拳different schools have emerged in many well-known master of martial arts action.八极拳pay attention to action is simple and dynamic enrichment, the violent effort to short-system of long, multi-elbow, shoulder, back to win the personal attack.八极拳prevalent in the country's 26 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, with the door octupole many as tens of thousands of people. 1982, Japan, the United States and other countries to learn八极拳Mengcun delegation visited 14 times, showing the effects of a wide range.
41 Liouhe boxing mind. Hui Qing Dynasty in Henan mulu "Heartwarming heroes" Armstrong plans to buy is a streamlined and simplified Liouhe mind the outstanding representatives of boxing, open camp and apprentices, was prevailing in the Hui. Is a kind of inside and outside, soft and hard reactive both strong combat effectiveness of martial arts genre. In order to force a result of fat in the legs, up in the leg, red on the hip, twist in the waist, to send in the shoulder, opened in hand, the six named Jin consistency. The basic theory is for the 10 words, that is tough, drilling, foot, head, it is, then, as, wrapped, beam, summary; techniques focus on the hand, elbow, shoulder, hip, knee, foot and head of the practitioners and applications directly into the straight out, the head start, a fresh, such as releasing, such as the arch over the shoulder shrink, potential simple method refined, well-structured. The main circulating in Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi, Shanghai and other places, the late Qing Dynasty, Wang Hui义侠Big Five (Zhengyi name) is one of the best.
51 Qualcomm劈挂arm fist. Qualcomm check arm fist means "rationale (charge) as (like boxing) will pass, physical (training) to use (art of attack and defense) ready," originated in Hebei Cangzhou, popular among the local Hui拳种. In the beginning, Cangzhou Martial Arts master plan, according to Ma octupole, etc.劈挂be summed up with the improved pass from boxing arm劈挂mainly prevalent in NT. Characterized as "open large Hopewell, Meng Meng from ups and downs, wheel anti-pull, such as beads go plate." Exercises, the left upper arm抖腕, scalable throughput, screw-cut waist hip, cold soft shells into the magnificent momentum. 18 tactics, that is, rolling, Le, cleavage, hanging, chopping, dumping, cutting, mining, grazing, exclusion, extension, and close at hand, exploration, shells, cut, grind, Meng. Ma Figure 1 martial arts, a large pool of excellence, his son, "Markov four Tatsu", on the promotion, popularization and study of traditional martial arts Su-credit. Northwest, also known as Markov pass arm劈挂boxing as "Ma Quan."
Hui 61 18 elbow. Late Ming Hui widespread types of martial arts, boxing is the perfect bunt tactics and was later known as the "Arts and Crafts in the." The main transmission since the Qing Dynasty white lock into, plums light杨万禄, Chengkui. The art of attack and defense characteristics of an elbow and arm close to肘尖as offensive and defensive means, there are 18单练routines, and its modus operandi, legs law, all shenfa change the situation around the elbow. Elbow law passed since the main pressure-day elbow, top-day elbow, evacuated to elbow, horizontal elbow, sitting elbow plate occasional days, a series of elbow, servant to elbow, elbow, such as cross-days; routines have Yokota 18 days elbow-style, the former Mappianthus 18-style elbow, left elbow, hip 24-style, pull up elbow overcast 28-style, elbow回身16 18 kinds of blocks.
Third, a representative of modern well-known patriotic Hui Martial
Since the Ming Dynasty, the Hui Wushu masters on behalf of many people. Hui Qing Dynasty was the era of martial arts teacher come forth in large numbers, such as in front of the "神枪" Wu Zhong, "Heartwarming heroes" strong buy Plan and so on. The late Qing period, the Chinese suffered internal and external problems, the big powers act, the weakness of the imperial court has aroused strong resentment among the civil seekers have emerged in many patriotic ago that the fight against the arrogance of the aggressors Hui patriotic martial arts, and their actions Dae Jang Chinese people's aspiration, many people's deeds are still widespread.
Optional is to introduce a few:
"Tenodera Wang V." Wang Zhengyi (1854 - 1900), is the end of the Qing Dynasty were over the world义侠Hui, Hebei people. Proficient in a variety of routine weapons, equipment, particularly in double hook, machete for no. Opened in the capital, "the source镖局Shun" to escort visitors for their livelihood, known as the "capital heroes", along with Fearless. Wang Zhengyi life仗义generous to the army, the poor, not blood-stained knife, De Jong said the probation, he has a strong patriotic enthusiasm, was cited for侠士throughout Hebei leaders. Guangxu Twenty-two years, the area in Henan to punish corrupt officials, everyone in applause. He and Tan Sitong reformist figures, such as cross-thick, adjuvant TAM participate in the Reform Movement. Pass谭东a proposal, to establish bases in the Northeast that Jingshi barriers. Reform For劫狱rescued after the failure of Tan Sitong赴难been rejected, was risky to send收尸buried in Liuyang, Hunan, meaning the name of the word轰传world. Guangxu二十六年, lead Yihetuan fighters to attack the church library西什
Lane and the eastern outskirts of the embassy district, the heroic fight against Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded, September 3 with the disciples Kakashi, the leader of the Boxer and other hi Qing was sent to a French military headquarters, at the front door the East River heroic martyrdom.
Ma plan (1888 -1973), native of Nanjing, the Ming and Qing when the transfer Cangzhou, the latter moved to Lanzhou, in order to pass the founder of boxing劈挂arm. Their fathers with machetes Wang studied under five are "D." Li Fenggang subglottic. David Ma plans for home,勤学苦练with his brother Ma plans are very early fame, particularly proficient in arm, two劈挂Boxing. Early to participate in the leadership of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's "United Democrats" Chang Wu salvation, the French Business School in Tianjin Beiyang study period, with like-minded founder of the "Chinese warrior will", he was appointed vice-president and general teaching practices. After the tour the northeast, with a "Kanto picked," said Cheng Kok, Kowloon郝鸣Hu from third-class people pay knot with each other martial arts, in the routine weapons, marksmanship, blade and stick work more revenue and martial Dajin. Participate actively in the Revolution, with the Department of Feng Yuxiang to Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Lanzhou, delegate Wu不辍; have the cover of many party members to carry out underground work, support the formation of Xie Juezai "Maryland Office of the Eighth Route Army"; create Zhangye County Arts Museum, Lanzhou "Huabin Sports Society, "creation" wind mill stick work. " In 1949, Yang Zhi should be invited to participate in the peace delegation Ningxia (deputy leader), for the peaceful liberation of Ningxia force out. Both civil and military life in order to de-centered, writing more than 200 manuscripts Wu rationale million words. His brother Ma map, voted more than learning to octupole good, also in the Department of the effectiveness of Feng Yuxiang, to participate in the creation of the "Central Martial Arts Museum", as Shaolin gate length, for when
Wulin strength when to send a representative, together with his brother founded the pass劈挂boxing arm. Ma brothers martial arts did not forget to serve the motherland, leaving a period of martial arts stories: Feng Shui map四弟map, the eldest son of Quanta, are Wu martyred. Swiss map投笔从戎Anti-Japanese War in Hubei Province lost their lives fighting against Japan; Quanta father at an early age to participate in the national army, as proficient in martial arts, combat brave, tired promoted to company commander Gong, battalion commander, the rank of deputy head in 1933, the Great Wall Anti-Japanese War, in the Battle喜峰口team lead Tenodera hit the Japanese army, the negative seriously injured died, died for the country, has been公祭in Beijing, was the National Government granted the title of martyr. Ma map four sons to inherit and carry forward the traditional martial Markov all not falling behind, were jointly known as the "four Tatsu Markov." After the founding of the second son of马颖达Ren-wu Association Vice-Chairman of Gansu Province, Lanzhou China hand arm Martial Arts School Dean; three sons Tatsu MA Xian Ren Wu Chairman of Shaanxi Province, China Association for the Standing Committee Wu, Xian leaders of martial arts training, Dean; four sons Ma make up any Lanzhou City Association Vice Chairman and Secretary-General Wu, Lanzhou Fighting School; five sons MA Ming-da ICC president of the China-wu
Members, Jinan University history professor, the history of China's first martial arts master instructor (a former vice chairman of Gansu Province, Wu HS). They won the national martial arts champion and take practical action to try to enhance their martial arts skill; or committed to boxing,
武术,是中华民族传统文化中的瑰宝,自古以来就受到各族人民的喜爱。回族人民在长期的历史发展中形成了勇武、强健、团结和不畏强暴的民族性格,也与武术结下了不解之缘。回族人民以自己的聪明才智创造性地发展出一些独特的武术流派,涌现出许多闻名遐迩的著名武术家,为丰富和发展中华武术贡献了力量。
一、回族与武术
由于形成于情况复杂的封建社会中晚期,受不安定的生活环境、大范围迁徙与流动等因素影响,回族自古以来就有尚武的习俗。自唐代以来,西安回民练习武术的习俗从未间断过,过去无论老幼,练武风气很浓;南方许多回族聚居地方至今仍保持着回回民族好武和擅长武术的特点。河北、河南、山东等地的回民更是酷爱武术,世世代代相传。
回族人民喜爱武术并身体力行是有历史原因的:首先,回族族源的很大一部分是13 世纪在蒙古军西征中因战争需要而被大量迁发东来的青壮年战士,他们参加了蒙古军统一全国的战争,并随着战争结束而在各地定居下来,在和平年代舞枪弄棒、健身强体也是很自然的。其次,回族历史上有擅长经商的传统,在封建社会社会不安定的情况下,为确保旅途安全,练武防身乃势所必然。如历史上云南往来东南亚的马帮贸易中,商队头领一般都由武艺高强的人担任,才能有机会冲过重重险阻,确保贸易成功。再次,回族在封建社会晚期社会动荡中生存压力较大,养成很深的自卫防范心理,习武强身更加普遍。清代乾隆皇帝就曾说过:“中土回人,性多拳勇。”说的就是这一特色。
回族始终把开展武术活动当做振奋民族精神、健身、自卫的手段。从古至今,中国许多清真寺还设立习武场,开展武术锻炼,有的阿訇本身就文武双全,在讲经授课之余,还自任武术教练。如清乾隆年间(1736 - 1795) ,山东临邑的著名阿訇常杰,就是一位善技击的武术师;济南清真北大寺,就曾专门设立武术、摔跤场子。时至今日,河北、河南、山东一些武术风尚较浓地方的武术训练班还附设在清真寺中。这些都说明回族武术有很浓厚的群众基础。
二、具有回族特色的武术流派
自明代以后,回族武术就渐成气候,主要流行打散手(现在称散打) 、长兵、短兵和拳术等,包括各路拳术、器械和对练共几十种。其中流传最广且独具特色的有查拳、华拳、腿拳、洪拳、炮拳和弹腿。在刀、枪、剑、戟、棍、鞭、锤、钩等器械中,回族擅长使用的杆子鞭(亦名西域鞭) 、梢子棍、峨嵋刺、索来拐(又名鱼刺拐) 等,在汉族中很少见到。
至于五虎群羊棍、查刀、查枪等也都带有明显的民族特点。另外,三路腿拳、十路查拳和十趟弹腿均为回族所特有,因此素有“教门拳”、“回回拳“之称。明代中后期,涌现出以枪法著称的“马家”、
“沙家枪”;明代末年广为流传的有艺中之萃之称的“回回十八肘”;清代中后期,回族武术活动更为兴盛, “教门弹腿”就产生在那时,故民间谚语说:“南京到北京,弹腿出在教门中。”历代回族优秀武术家所创立的弹腿、查拳、臂挂拳、心意六合拳、八极拳、回回十八肘等,均已成为中国武术中的宝贵财富。
下面将这些特有的拳种作简单的介绍:
11 弹腿。弹腿俗称“教门弹腿”,产生于明代,盛行于清代中后期,有“南京到北京,弹腿出在教门中”的谚语。系以腿法、腿技、腿功为突出特点的回族武术门派,有六路、十路、十二路查拳弹腿之分,因其发腿迅疾、弹如弹丸射出,故有是名。近代有吴志青著成《教门弹腿图书》,对弹腿加以总结。
21 查拳。查拳亦称“回回拳”,其势舒展圆润、发力爆脆,节奏明快,奔放饱满,动静有变,劲力通达,有攻守10 字诀。要求做到“行如风,站如钉,起如猿、落如鹰”,动如猛虎,静如山岳,快慢相间,刚柔相济,招法清楚,急转突停; 无论攻守进退,快而不乱,慢而不散,姿势工整舒展,手眼身腿步均要上下相随,前后相连,内外相合。拳有十路之分,每路自成一套。其拳、械、练3 种套路多达70 余种。查拳先盛于山东,后流传全国各地及东南亚一带。清末至民国的主要传人有李老祟、蔡长清等。20 世纪30 年代,以查拳见长的回族武术家王子平、张英振、张英健、常振芳、张文广等齐集南京中央国术馆,一时为武坛盛事。
31 八极拳。全称“开门八极拳”,创始人为河北沧州孟村回族“神枪”武术家吴钟,雍正朝被誉为“八方八门拳术之初祖”,与当时武坛名流李章、康大力并称“武林三杰”,已有200 多年历史。八极拳不同流派,涌现出许多著名大师,名动武林。八极拳讲究动作简洁,劲力充实,发劲暴烈,以短制长,多用肘、肩、背的贴身进击取胜。八极拳流行于全国26 个省、市、自治区,拥有八极门人数万之众。1982 年起,日、美等国家八极拳学习考察团14 次访问孟村,可见影响之广泛。
41 心意六合拳。清代河南鲁山回族“心意大侠”买壮图是精练、简化心意六合拳的杰出代表,开派授徒,遂在回族中盛行。是一种内、外、软、硬功兼备,实战效用极强的武术流派。因以力发于脚,撑于腿,冲于胯,拧于腰,送于肩,开于手,六劲相合而得名。其基本理论归为10 个字,即韧、钻、踩、扑、实、接、照、裹、束、决; 技法注重于手、肘、肩、胯、膝、脚及头部的习练与应用,直进直出,先声夺人,发劲如放箭,缩肩如弓翻,势简法精,结构严谨。主要流传于河南、河北、陕西、上海等地,清末回族义侠大刀王五(名正谊) 是其中佼佼者。
51 通臂劈挂拳。通臂拳取意为“理(掌理) 象(拳象) 会通,体(演练) 用(技击) 俱备”,起源于河北沧州,为当地回族中流行拳种。民国初,沧州武术名家马凤图据八极、劈挂等加以总结与改进而成通臂劈挂拳,主要流行于西北地区。其特点为“大开大合,猛起猛落,辘轳反扯,如珠走盘”。演练时,甩膀抖腕,吞吐伸缩,拧腰切胯,冷弹柔进,气势雄伟。有18 字诀,即滚、勒、劈、挂、斩、卸、剪、采、掠、摈、伸、收、抹、探、弹、铡、擂、猛。马凤图一门习武,英才济济,其子“马氏四达”,对推广、普及以及研究传统武术功劳素著。西北又称马氏通臂劈挂拳为“马家拳”。
61 回回十八肘。明末广为流传的回族武术种类,是短打拳术中的绝妙招法,被后人称为“艺中之萃”。清代以来的主要传人有白锁成、李子光、杨万禄、成奎。其技击特点是以肘和接近肘尖的臂作为进攻和防守的手段,有18 个单练套路,其手法、腿法、身法等均围绕肘击情势而变化。流传至今的肘法主要有压天肘、顶天肘、撤地肘、横肘、坐盘托天肘、连环肘、仆地肘、横天肘等;套路有横天肘十八式、前定心肘十八式、左胯肘二十四式、撩阴肘二十八式、回身肘十六式等18 种。
三、近现代有代表性的著名回族爱国武术家
自明代以来,回族武术名家就代不乏人。清代更是回族武术名师辈出的时代,如前面提及的“神枪”吴钟、“心意大侠”买壮图等。晚清时期,中国遭遇内忧外患,列强横行,朝廷的软弱无能激起了民间义士的强烈不满,涌现出许多力倡爱国、打击侵略者嚣张气焰的回族爱国武术家,他们的所作所为大长了中国人的志气,许多人的事迹至今仍广为流传。
现择要介绍几位:
“大刀王五”王正谊(1854 - 1900) ,是清末名满天下的回族义侠,河北人。精通各种拳术、器械,尤以双钩、大刀为绝。在京师开设“源顺镖局”,以护卫旅客为生,被称为“京师大侠”,与霍元甲齐名。王正谊一生慷慨仗义,以尚武、济贫、刀不染血、德容感化著称,他具有强烈的爱国热忱,被河北各地侠士举为领袖。光绪二十二年,在河南一带惩治贪官污吏,人皆称快。他与谭嗣同等革新派人物交厚,辅佐谭参加戊戌变法。建议谭东出居庸关,在东北建立根据地以为京师屏障。变法失败后欲劫狱救出赴难的谭嗣同遭拒绝,遂冒险收尸送于湖南浏阳安葬,义字之名轰传天下。光绪二十六年,亲率义和团战士攻打西什库教堂
和东郊民巷使馆区,英勇抗击八国联军入侵,九月三日与徒弟山子、二喜等义和团首领被清军送交法国军司令部,于前门东河沿英勇就义。
马凤图(1888 ―1973) ,祖籍南京,明、清时迁沧州,后移居兰州,为通臂劈挂拳的创始人。其父辈与大刀王五均师从“双刀”李凤岗门下。马凤图幼承家教,勤学苦练,与其弟马英图均成名甚早,尤精通臂、劈挂两门拳术。早年参加孙中山领导的“同盟会”,倡武救国,在天津北洋法商学院就学期间,与志同道合者创办“中华武士会”,任副会长兼总教习。后游东北,与有“关东三侠”之称的程东阁、郝鸣九、胡奉三等人交结,互相切磋武艺,在拳术、枪法、刀法和棍法上多有收益,武功大进。积极参加辛亥革命,随冯玉祥部到宁夏、兰州,授武不辍;曾掩护过许多共产党员开展地下工作,支持谢觉哉组建“兰州八路军办事处”;创建张掖县国术馆、兰州“华斌体育学社”,创编“风磨棍法”。1949 年,应杨德志之邀,参加宁夏和平代表团(任副团长) ,为宁夏的和平解放出了力。一生文武并重,以德为本,撰写武理手稿200 余万字。其弟马英图,投学多门,以八极见长,也曾在冯玉祥部效力,参加创建“中央国术馆”,出任少林门长,为当
时武林实力派代表人物,与其兄一起创立了通臂劈挂拳。马家兄弟习武不忘报效祖国,留下一段武林佳话:凤图四弟瑞图、长子广达,均以武殉国。瑞图抗战中投笔从戎,在湖北对日作战中牺牲;广达自幼随父参加国民军,因精通武艺、作战勇敢,累功升为连长、营长、副团长等职,1933 年长城抗战中,在喜峰口之役亲率大刀队重创日军,负重伤不治,为国捐躯,曾在北京受到公祭,被国民政府授予烈士称号。马凤图的4 个儿子在继承并发扬马氏武学传统上个个不落人后,被合称为“马氏四达”。建国后,二子马颖达任甘肃省武协副主席、兰州中国通臂武术学院院长;三子马贤达任陕西省武协主席、中国武协常委、西安贤达武术培训学院院长;四子马令达任兰州市武协副主席兼秘书长、兰州搏击学校校长;五子马明达任中国武协委
员、暨南大学历史系教授、中国第一位武术史硕士生导师(曾任甘肃省武协副主席) 。他们或夺取过全国武术比赛冠军,以实际行动为提高武术水平尽力;或致力于拳击、武术、散手、击剑等体育教学,培养新一代武术人才;或著书立说,总结武术这门传统文化优秀遗产,为弘扬民族优秀文化作贡献。
1990 年人民体育出版社出版了由马贤达任主编、马明达任第一副主编的《中国武术大辞典》,其中收入马氏家族8 人,加上马门弟子共约20 人,在全国传统武术家族中堪称无双。
“全能爱国武术家”――王子平( 1881 ―1973) ,人称“神力千斤王”,为近代武林中又一位回族英豪,河北沧州人。出身武术世家,祖父以“翻杠子”闻名,父亲号“粗胳膊王”。从小习武、刻苦勤奋,17 岁即已遍习民间流行的各种拳术、器械,20 岁前后师从驰名南北的武术大师杨洪修阿訇,练得一身超群武功,尤精查拳、八极拳、弹腿、刀剑枪棍及摔跤、射箭,以力大著称。曾多次击败沙俄、日本、美国和德国大力士。1918 年,在北京万国比武大会上,击败号称“环球大力士”、“世界惟一大力士”的沙俄拳师康泰尔;1919 年在济南摔伤日本柔道大师宫本,拉倒美国拳师阿拉曼;1921 年赴美国万国竞武场与美国拳师沙利文比武,将沙利文吓退;又曾击败德国大力士柯芝麦等。打击了侵略者的嚣张气焰,大长了中国人的
志气,被时人誉为“全能爱国武术家”。1928 年,王子平应中央国术馆邀请,任该馆少林门门长,教授少林、查拳、弹腿、八极拳、劈挂拳。新中国成立后,曾担任全国武术协会副主席、中华全国体育总会委员等职。
1960 年以80 高龄随周恩来总理访问缅甸,任中国访缅武术团总教练,并亲自上场表演,获得赞誉。他总结几十年练功行医的体会,整理出版了《拳术二十法》《祛病延年二十势》,还把“舒筋活络水”、“治伤消瘀片”的秘方献给国家,造福人民。他以崇高武德育人,桃李满天下,被公推为“武林泰斗”。
张文广,蜚声中外的回族武术家。从小习武,精通少林、八卦、太极、形意、长兵和短兵,以及猴拳、醉拳、螳螂拳,尤以查拳出名。在民国时期的一次全国性武术比赛中,获查拳、对打、梅花枪、锁扣枪冠军和男子总分第一名,从而作为特邀的中国武术表演队员,参加了1936 年在德国柏林举行的第十一届奥运会的表演项目,获极大成功,第一次在公开场合向世界人民展示了精湛的中国武术技艺。新中国成立后,在北京体育学院任教,为国家培养了大批武术运动员、教练员和研究人员。编撰有多种武术教材,著有武术专业方面的理论书籍。1960 年也曾随周恩来总理访问缅甸,并作了精彩的武术表演。
山东查拳名家马金镖(1881 - 1973) ,幼年习武,曾先后学习洪拳和查拳。参加1928 年中央国术馆办的国术考试,在擂台赛中,以“斜步倒撞一杆旗”招,击败高手而显露身手。1936 年任南京中央大学体育系教授时,以传统的中华剑术,击败了轻视中国武术、时任体育系主任的美国人麦克思,长中国人志气,扬中国武术之威。曾先后在中央国术馆、金陵大学、金陵女中等校任教。1953年在上海定居,主持“上海群英武术社”事务,为推动武术运动尽一己之力。
现代武术师常德清, 人称常二巴, 北京人。1934 年为反对日伪借举办日本相扑大会之机欺压中国人民,与武友冯景福、马明振、杨岱蔚等毅然参加比赛,将日本武士谷目等人击败,使中国人民扬眉吐气。
关秀峰(1907 - 1976) ,河北孟村人,八极拳始祖吴钟七代嫡孙,该派六世掌门人,自幼习武,过目能练,18 岁即设场教徒。后到江西苏区曾被聘为红军武术教师。1933 年北游天津,制服国民党河北区党部书记沈加林等武林高手,名声大振。同时教授7 个武场,从师学艺者数百人。创建起天津市南开国术馆。1938 年被日军抓送东北当劳工,行至途中,击伤押送日军,使三四十人跳车脱逃。1946 年曾为解放军运送军火,查出后,被吊打。新中国成立后,1956 年以花甲之年报名参加全国武术比赛,连得七项第一及全能第二,贺龙
元帅亲自为他颁奖并赠一面锦旗。他一生授徒3000 余人,能独立执掌八极门户者四五百人,为八极拳术的发展作出了贡献。
张鸿玉,河北青县人。20 世纪30 年代先后师从六合门拳师李洪彬与天津著名回族跤手王二爷,练成绝技,曾痛打欺侮国人的法国水兵、力惩为非作歹的脚行霸头,技压京、津两地跤场,威震曹士岳(曹锟之子) 公馆,击败摆擂逞威的沙俄大力士费拉耶夫,摔败日本天皇卫队总教官、号称“昭和十杰”中第一把交椅、风靡全日本的八段柔道名家牛岛辰熊。被誉为“一代神跤”。
总之,回族武术传统与特征显著的回族文化一样,也是中华民族的宝贵文化遗产,是中华武术的一个重要组成部分,历史上对回族不屈不挠民族精神的培养曾起过积极的作用,对中华武术的发展作出过重大贡献。今天,回族武术正在面临一个崭新的发展阶段,已从封建社会的自身防卫手段变成增强人民体质、增进民族团结的一项有益活动,随着群众性武术活动的普遍开展、武林名家的著书立说,标志着回族武术发展到了一个前所未有的水平。今后,随着国际文化交流的日益扩大,回族武术将如同整个中华武术一样,被世界人民认识并喜爱,回族武术必将为促进国际交流、增进各国人民友谊作出新的贡献。