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Hui Wushu Glance回族武术一览

发布: 2008-12-18 23:01 | 作者: webmaster | 来源: 本站原创 | 查看: 9次

China Hui to a strong, chivalrous, solidarity and brute force known for the world, they enrich and develop the Chinese Wushu contributed their wisdom and strength. Hui Chinese martial arts, as with other cultures, but also the Chinese nation's precious cultural heritage, the Chinese martial arts an important part.

Hui Wushu major projects, there Sanda, Chang-Bing, short soldiers, Boxing, including training, equipment, such as dozens of Chinese boxing. The training project both the common characteristics of Chinese martial arts, but also closely linked to the customs of the Hui ethnic characteristics.

Equipment, in addition to practitioners knives, guns, sword, halberd, stick, whip, hammers, hooks, shovel, ax and other general equipment, the Hui Lian's pole whip, whistle sticks, barbed Crescent, Sok to Po, matsudana hook, five Tiger flock stick, Ali sword, Richard knives, guns and other investigations, in the Han Chinese martial arts in both the rare, with a clear national identity. Pole whip, whip, also known as the Western Regions, the Department of齐眉棍on a tie a rope, cable was a client钢镖, dart, weighing about 750 grams. According to家口Chuan martial arts, this pole flock Five Tigers whip and stick with Hui Wrangler sheep, and the Department of horsewhip by grazing sheep Faso and bodiless derived from a stick. Ali swords, double-pointed double-edged, wide-tip in the handle, the blade on both sides are inscribed with Arabic script. Rumor此剑formerly known as "flying祖勒Carl" is the fourth largest allocation of Caliph Ali weapons used. Matsudana hook shaped matsudana, doubled by the Hui butcher beef and mutton turned into the hook.

Boxing, Hui-hi practicing boxing investigation,弹腿, leg whips, Hua Quan,洪拳, artillery boxing, Ying Huang plane whips, hexagonal-style, round-the-style, old planes boxing,八极拳, such as heart Liouhe boxing. Ten of the road check boxing, boxing three legs, 10 times弹腿, mind Liouhe boxing, both Hui拳种unique, there are the so-called "Hui boxing" and said the investigation began in boxing came out the middle to end of the Qing Dynasty is a mature perfect with the whole history of the Hui martial arts is the same, may be called the representatives of the Hui nationality Wushu拳种. Richard Law拳招elegant, graceful posture, routines connected to弹腿legislation portal, 10 times弹腿Road boxing, every punch all the way forward sets弹腿usage, running, walking, flying, fighting, changes up to 10 road boxing into more than 50 roads, is very dynamic and real strong, is the gem of Chinese martial arts. In addition, if八极拳, Tung arm shaking fist cleavage, Kanto boxing, as well as the late Ming Hui widely elbow 18, soup-style boxing, such as seven bottles, founder of the Hui. Boxing Brazza these are the property of their unique techniques rich, unique and fashionable style of boxing, in order to love people of all ethnic groups. Hui of the Chinese boxing history can be traced back to about the mid-ming. Hui budding martial arts from the mid-Ming, by Ming and Qing dynasties has been continuously enriched and gradually evolved.

Zhu Yuanzhang元末to the peasant uprising led by the forces, has a group of generals Hui. It is relying on these can levy善战as the backbone of the Hui nationality, the emperor established the Ming Dynasty, it is the early Ming Dynasty "Ten Hui Bao country" argument. These people skills Chaoqun, heroic, self-evident, but it seems not enough to constitute a source of martial arts today Hui did not own genre of martial arts available.

By the mid-Ming, Hui Boxing come to the fore, and this is well-known boxing investigation. Richard Quan, founder of the name of Richard Mill, the Western Regions (Xinjiang) native, is an aspiring young people. The medium-term should be Chao Ming emperor, the Japanese Dongzheng via Shandong Guanxian Zhang Yin Zhuang dyeing time of typhoid fever, living in a home Hui has been meticulously care. Recovered after a search Mill Boxing Chuan, to express his appreciation. Hui said this was a local boxing boxing for the search for the commemoration of his co-founder Richard Mill. From then on, the investigation boxing passed down from Guanxian along, around the back to the development of cellular, and Guanxian also referred to as the home of Richard boxing.

The late Ming and martial arts because people are now more widespread and have already begun to form their own unique style. Chongzhen fifteen (1642) Li Wai Chan states, more than 300 will be composed of Wu Hui Muslim business; the other, according to Ming History records, the late Ming and the "old Hui" should be headed by Ma Shou-Hui troops to join the rebel army. This is prevalent at the time of Hui Wushu proof. According to the family martial arts, boxing mind six wounds predecessor "Ten fist-shaped animals", the late Ming has come out and widely circulated.

Qing Dynasty, China's Hui prepared by discrimination, bullying and bloodshed, so keep the outbreak of large-scale anti-armed uprising. They realize that, it is necessary to defend the clan must have a strong physique. So Hui chivalrous, solidarity and brute force of the national character has been to train and exercise, the Hui have gathered inside the establishment of martial arts field, a day after twilight, we do stick together martial arts to explore the martial arts. In this social context, Hui martial arts received considerable development, emerged from generation to generation Hui martial arts master.

Meng Hui villages and towns in Hebei Cangzhou Martial Arts Master Wu Zhong, Yongzheng North Korea as the "north of 8 Boxing初祖" to create bold八极拳powerful. Old age in the family art, and its secondary school students have achieved, is quite well known, there were as many as 145 people, Mengcun also become well-known hometown八极拳. In addition, Wu Zhong life is also known for the big guns in the world, with the then-wu Zhang Li Tan celebrities, Cornwall vigorously that "Wulin Sanjie." Thirteen years Yongzheng (1735), he had three break Shaolin monks convincing, presented their championship side, above the inscription praises "Wu Zhong unique gun." He was also a teacher in Beijing with the 14th son of Emperor Kangxi Aixinjueluo Prince Xun Qin Yun contest, with two successive tips in Prince Xun Qin眉尖on points of white, while the other is a non-detect, so "Miss神枪bell "laudatory title in Beijing 1:00 widespread.

The late Ming and animal fist ten-shaped, by the efforts of several generations, the formation of the late Ming and early Qing Quan Liouhe mind. Henan Hui Zhuang plans to buy a "token of heroes" of the name, is refined to simplify the mind of the outstanding representatives of Liuhe Quan and Guo Yun deep as a car-yi zhai "YiQuan三绝." He trained to fly hands Escapement Province of birds and butterflies Zhanhua power, with his hands almost by a butterfly, keeping it fly, then run their own Wuli Xu, Butterfly has always been separated from their palm. End of the Qing Dynasty, martial arts home Hui Tong Ma plans to create cleavage arm shaking fist.

To date, Henan Kaifeng and Zhuxian Town area is also popular with seven bottles of soup-style boxing master Chuang Jin Xiao-Ting three Shaolin Temple and punched in Beijing four Wangyeh story.

End of the Qing Dynasty, Richard boxing entirely efficient, and Hui practitioners throughout the country, in Hebei Province, formed a North and South 2 search boxing genre. More than 110 years ago, martial arts master Zhang Hui Yan Quan hometown in search Guanxian Zhang Yin Zhuang Road search not only teach boxing, ten times弹腿, but three legs to teach boxing, three Rover boxing,洪拳Road 10 and three, six, IX Road artillery fist. Northeast Hui Liu Baorui masters, the late Qing Dynasty had many al Gakugei Hui martial arts division. In his many masters, there Shandong Wang镖师, martial arts very, deep essence of Cacak boxing, and of the eight trigrams pin-shaped Italy, with the former boxing quite research; has participated in the Northwest Hui anonymity after a failed uprising in a Buddhist temple in Henan Sha elders, the powers of high-strength, and search弹腿proficient in boxing, especially in times single-handedly double hook威震the Quartet, is the only solution; there was the Shenyang Imperial Palace guards福臣, proficient in Tai Chi, Ba Gua, search boxing, Shaolin and other inside and outside the two Chinese boxing, martial treng deeply versed; there are living in Andong (now Dandong)镇某Shahe Township Hui mosque to Huichon old, he had stage two insufferably arrogant Japan beat Hercules to run boxing, running弹腿, hook, belt,镢, sword, war,分筋错骨, acupuncture,轻功, such as a strong proficiency in all of them running弹腿is his fist on the investigation summary of decades of research, is very dynamic and unpredictable spirits. In these outstanding martial arts martial arts taught at home under the careful, I even take decades of training and research, Liu Baorui of Tai Chi, Ba Gua, shaped Italy, kill feet, turned sons, octupole, Taizu, Yanqing, mantis, less Lin and other door-to-door are deeply versed in Chinese boxing. He身轻如燕, body Kennedy may stone, and are trained to leap the wall will be posted on the "sticker" skills, proficiency in the running赵熙Chuan Presbyterian弹腿and sand in times of double hook inherited granted福臣Shen Young 108 Taijiquan嫡传and handling ease, changing search Fist 24. On this basis, he will be the essence of all kinds of Chinese boxing boxing together in the investigation so that the search fist in his hands, there has been new development, the formation of unique search boxing Shenyang. Liu Baorui I therefore famous Shenyang, Dalian威震, famous nationwide. Republic of China period (1911-1949) of the Hui nationality Wushu home, with the exception of Liu Baorui, there are many well-known figures. Such as Shandong Guanxian Zhang Yin Zhuang Hui Chang Chun-fong, the latter moved to Henan, Wu Chao-chun, disciples around the Jin, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Qin, Longde, Nanjing, Shanghai and around the contemporary martial arts master Zhang Guang, Zhang too, the whole贺振,马振邦, etc. have been in his art. Wang Zhengyi, commonly known as "Big Wang Five", Hebei Hui famous martial arts, and renowned Wu altar, and the "Reform Movement of Seven Gentlemen", one of Tan Sitong hobnobbing, by its侠肝义胆praise for Tan. Wang Xiao-rong, Henan丘槐Shen Zhen Hui, and martial arts skills on the inheritance and development of心意拳made an important contribution; 40 in the early, high-handed of Belarus beat Hercules, martial arts was legendary in the moment, as the "Central Plains heroes. " In addition there are many martial arts master of the Hui nationality, have extraordinary skill, Different skills famous.

After new China was founded, Hui traditional martial arts will be further restored and carried forward. From the beginning of the 50s, Shandong, Hebei and other places Hui, began to set up a "Hui Martial Arts Institute," or a variety of Martial Arts Association, the broad mass martial arts activities; please the older generation of martial arts master Mining lost the verge of finishing the traditional skills; Bagua, cleavage linked to search Quan, Chinese boxing, Jiro,弹腿such as door-to-door one after another of the boxer's收徒授艺. Generation of martial arts rookie thrive Hui martial arts master took a group of national and provincial, the market, prefectural and county levels Wu altar. National Martial Arts in 1980 to observe the exchange of the General Assembly, Hebei Mengcun Hui刘秀萍young vigorous and effective performance八极拳, won the gold medal game of the project. In September 1982, held in Hohhot, the National Traditional Ethnic Minority Sports Conference, Shandong delegation brought 11 Hui 26 martial arts projects, including routine weapons, equipment, for training, such as双锤and月牙铲which are new Mining projects. They have performed 5 field, 82 times, have been successful, especially崔文勤beautiful novel knife in加鞭, Zhang Qinghai,李喜娥skilled朴刀into guns, machetes Ma Jie vigorous and effective, have been generally well received Wulin human. Shenyang Richard Liu Baorui Although boxing teacher died, but no lack of successors, and its descendants are for its arts, martial arts competitions at all levels have been achieved good results; its followers across the provinces of Liaoning, they all look trust division, in a national martial arts competition wins have excellent rankings.

Particularly exciting is that Hui martial arts event in an unprecedented new situation. Shandong province that is fair, from cities to rural areas, Hui martial arts clubs, teams, classes, the school set up one after another, constantly consolidate and expand the old classic, the rapid development of new seedling growth.武贵祥sponsored老拳师Zhang Yanggu County town of amateur sports school children by the dozen people to 100 people;崔文勤opened heze Hui Liang Zhuang region martial arts classes, is also a very short time a number of development from 10 to 50 people. Known as "martial arts of the villages," the good name of the town of莘县Zhang. Activities will be martial arts training with a combination of militias, North Street-bashing of the 24 prisoners are Xiwu Hui hand. County益都Hui, the 50's Martial Arts Institute was set up Hui, guiding Hui Qinglong concentrated and East together in martial arts practitioners associated secondary school students has been very successful. Jinan Hui established traditional national sports agency, hired in 1933 National Wushu Sanda Competition champion boxer Hui Zhou and coaching, martial arts and wrestling entries from more than 400. Qufu one China, Wang Hui teachers, in 1982 after the establishment of martial arts classes to pay, and lead students to adhere to the basic skills and basic skills training, the effectiveness of good. This mass Hui martial arts activities of non-ended a province of Shandong, the Hui do not all parts of the country men and women, whether young or old, a concerted effort, meta-skill, inheritance schools, pushing a new Afghanistan, showing a pack of the new atmosphere full of vim and vigor. In such a mass basis of martial arts activities, some of Hui intellectuals, such as the History Department of Lanzhou University, Associate Professor MA Ming-da, the writing of the history of martial arts Hui, genres systematic summary and elaboration. All these demonstrate China's Hui martial arts are bright prospects for development.

中国回族向以强健、勇武、团结和不畏强暴著称于世,他们为丰富和发展中华武术贡献了自己的智慧和力量。中国回族的武术,同其他文化一样,也是中华民族的宝贵文化遗产,是中华武术的一个重要组成部分。

回族武术的主要项目,有散打、长兵、短兵、拳术,包括对练、器械、拳术等几十种。所练项目既有中华武术的共同特色,也有与回族风俗习惯紧密相连的民族特色 。

器械,除习练刀、枪、剑、戟、棍、鞭、锤、钩、铲、斧等一般器械外,回族练的杆子鞭、哨子棍、蛾眉刺、索来拐、龙爪钩、五虎群羊棍、阿里剑、查刀、查枪等,在汉族武术中均少见,带有明显的民族特色。杆子鞭,又称西域鞭,系一齐眉棍上缚一绳索,索端系一钢镖,镖重约750克。据武术家口传,这种杆子鞭和五虎群羊棍均与回族牧马放羊有关,系分别由牧马鞭索和放羊棍脱胎衍化而成。阿里剑,双尖双刃,尖处宽于把柄处,剑身两面俱刻有阿拉伯文字。据传此剑原名“祖勒飞卡尔”,是第四大哈里发阿里配用之兵器。龙爪钩,形似龙爪,系由回族屠户翻牛羊肉的钩子转化而成。

拳术,回族喜练查拳、弹腿、腿拳、华拳、洪拳、炮拳、黄鹰架拳、六角式、廿四式、老架拳、八极拳、心意六合拳等。其中十路查拳、三路腿拳、十趟弹腿、心意六合拳,均为回族独有的拳种,有所谓“回回拳”之称,查拳问世始于明中叶,至清末已臻完善,这与整个回族武术史是一致的,可称为回族武术的代表拳种。查拳招法飘逸,姿式优美,套路环环相扣,以弹腿立门户,十趟弹腿十路拳,每路拳都套着弹腿的用法,跑、走、飞、打,变化起来,十路拳可成五十多路,变化多端,实战性强,是中华武术中的瑰宝。此外,如八极拳、通臂劈摇拳、关东拳以及明末广为流传的回回十八肘、汤瓶七式拳等,创始人均为回族。这些拳术均为其劲力别致、技法丰富、风格独特而风靡拳坛,为各族人民所喜爱。 回族的拳术史,大约可追溯到明中叶。回族武术由明中期萌芽,经明、清两代不断丰富,逐渐发展而成。

元末以朱元璋为首的农民起义部队中,拥有一批回族将领。正是依靠这些能征善战的回族为骨干,朱元璋建立了明王朝,故有明初“十大回回保国”的说法。这些人武艺超群,英勇善战,自不待言,但似乎尚不足以构成今日回族武术之源头,未有自立门户的武术流派问世。

到了明中期,回族拳术脱颖而出,这就是著名的查拳。查拳的创始人名叫查密尔,西域(新疆)人氏,系一有志青年。明中期应皇帝诏,东征倭寇,途经山东冠县张尹庄时身染伤寒,住在一户回族家,受到精心医护。痊愈后,查密尔传拳术一套,以表谢意。当地回族遂称此拳为查拳,用来纪念他的创始人查密尔。从此以后,查拳便从冠县沿传下来,发展到各地回胞之中,冠县亦被人称作查拳的故乡。

明末因民武术已较为普遍并已开始形成自己的独特风格。崇祯十五年(1642)李自成围陈州,有300多名会武回族组成清真营;另据明史记载,明末有“老回回”马守应为首的回族部队参加起义军。这都是当时回族武术普遍流行的证明。据武术家传,心意六伤口拳的前身“动物拳十大形”,明末也已问世并广为流传。

清代,中国回族备遭歧视、欺压和血腥屠杀,因此不断爆发大规模反清武装起义。他们意识到,要卫族就须有强健体魄。于是回族勇武、团结和不畏强暴的民族性格得到培养和锻炼,各回族聚集地内纷纷设立习武场,每日晨昏后,大家聚在一起习武弄棒,探究武艺。在这种社会背景下,回族武术获得了长足的发展,涌现出一代又一代回族武术大师。

河北沧州孟村镇回族武术大师吴钟,雍正朝被誉为“北方八门拳术之初祖”,创出刚劲有力的八极拳。晚年在家传艺,其弟子中学有所成、颇有名望者就有145人之多,孟村也随之成为著名的八极拳的故乡。此外,吴钟一生还以大枪著称于世,与当时的武坛名流李章、康大力并称“武林三杰”。雍正十三年(1735),他曾三破少林寺,寺僧心悦诚服,赠其锦标一面,上面题词称赞“吴钟大枪世无双”。他也曾赴京师与康熙第十四子恂勤郡王爱新觉罗・允比武,接连两次用枪头在将恂勤郡王眉尖上点白,而对方却一无查觉,因此“神枪吴钟”的美称在京一时广为流传。

明末的动物拳十大形,经几代人努力,明末清初形成了心意六合拳。河南回族买壮图,有“心意大侠”之美称,是精炼、简化心意六合拳的杰出代表,与郭云深、车毅斋并列为“意拳三绝”。他练就飞手擒省雀和沾蝶之功,用手近按一只蝴蝶,任其飞翔,自己随之飞奔五里许,蝶始终不离其掌心。 清末,回族武术家马凤图创出通臂劈摇拳。

迄今为止,河南开封和朱仙镇一带还流行着汤瓶七式拳高手金晓亭三闯少林寺和在京拳打四王爷的故事。

清朝末年,查拳已臻完善,并为全国各地回族习练,在河北省形成了南、北两支查拳流派。110多年前,回族武术大师张锡颜在查拳故乡冠县张尹庄不仅传授十路查拳、十趟弹腿,而且传授三路腿拳、三路华拳、十路洪拳以及三、六、九路炮拳。东北回族武师刘宝瑞,清末曾拜许多回族武术师学艺。在他的众多师傅中,有山东王镖师,武功非常,深查查拳真谛,且对八卦、形意等内宾前拳也颇有研究;有参加西北回民起义失败后隐姓埋名于河南某佛寺的沙长老,武功高强,精通弹腿和查拳,尤其是一手地趟双钩威震四方,堪称独步;有原为皇宫护卫的沈福臣,精通太极、八卦、查拳、少林等内外两家拳术,武楞造诣极深;有流落在安东(今丹东)沙河镇某清真寺的回族乡老赴熙川,他曾登台轻取两名不可一世的日本大力士,对跑拳、跑弹腿、钩、带、镢、剑、战、分筋错骨、点穴、轻功、硬功等无不精通,其中跑弹腿是他对查拳几十年的研究总结,变化多端,神鬼莫测。在这些武功卓著的武术家精心传授下,更兼本人几十年的苦练和研究,刘宝瑞对太极、八卦、形意、戮脚、翻子、八极、太祖、燕青、螳螂、少林等各门派拳术均有较深造诣。他身轻如燕,体坚似石,并练就将身一跃便贴在墙上的“贴画”绝技,精通了赵熙川的跑弹腿和沙长老的地趟双钩,继承了沈福臣所授杨氏嫡传太极拳108式和吞吐自如、变化莫测的查拳24式。在此基础上,他将各种拳术的精华融会贯通于查拳中,使查拳在他手中又有了新的发展,形成独树一帜的沈阳查拳。刘宝瑞本人因此名扬沈阳,威震大连,誉满全国。 民国时期(1911-1949)的回族武术家,除刘宝瑞外,还有许多著名人物。如山东冠县张尹庄回族常振芳,后迁居河南,武艺超群,弟子遍布晋、冀、鲁、豫、秦、陇、宁、沪各地,当代武术名家张文广、张锡太、贺振全、马振邦等均曾受艺于他。王正谊,俗称“大刀王五”,河北著名回族武术家,蜚声武坛,与“戊戌七君子”之一的谭嗣同过从甚密,其侠肝义胆为谭所称颂。王效荣,河南沈丘槐店镇回族人,武功精湛,对心意拳的继承和发展做过重要贡献;40年代初,曾击败强横的白俄大力士,武林中一时传为佳话,被誉为“中原大侠”。此外还有许多回族武术大师,都身手不凡,各怀绝技,闻名遐迩。

新中国成立后,回族武术传统得到进一步恢复和发扬。从50年代始,山东、河北等地回族,开始成立“回族武术研究所”或各种武术协会,广泛开展群众性武术活动;请老一辈武术大师挖掘整理濒临失传的传统技艺;八卦、劈挂、查拳、华拳、二郎、弹腿等各门派的拳师名将纷纷收徒授艺。一代武林新秀茁壮成长,一批回族武术健将涌上全国及省、地、市面上、县各级武坛。1980年的全国武术观摩交流大会上,河北孟村回族青年刘秀萍表演刚劲有力的八极拳,荣获该项目比赛金牌。1982年9月,在呼和浩特举行的全国少数民族传统体育运动会上,山东代表团的11位回族带去26个武术项目,包括拳术、器械、对练,其中如双锤和月牙铲都是新挖掘的项目。他们先后表演5场,82项次,均获成功,特别是崔文勤优美新颖的刀里加鞭,张庆海、李喜娥娴熟的朴刀进枪,马杰刚劲有力的大刀,得到武林中人的普遍好评。沈阳查拳名师刘宝瑞虽然辞世,但后继有人,其子孙均承其艺,在各级武术比赛中都取得过好成绩;其弟子遍及辽宁,他们都不负师望,在全国性武术比赛中夺过优秀名次。

尤其令人振奋的是,回族武术的活动开始出现前所未有的新局面。即以山东省而论,从城市到农村,回族的武术社、队、班、校接踵成立,老典型不断巩固扩大,新苗子迅速发展成长。老拳师武贵祥主办的阳谷县张秋镇少年儿童业余体校,由二三十人增至100余人;回民崔文勤开设的荷泽地区梁庄武术班,也在很短时间内从10几个发展到50余人。素有“武术之乡”美称的莘县张鲁镇。将武术活动与民兵训练相结合,北街的24名扑俘手全是习武回族。益都县的回族,50年代成立了回族武术研究所,指导回族集中的青龙联中和东关联中学生习练武术,成绩斐然。济南回族成立的民族传统体育社,聘请1933年全国武术比赛散打冠军、回族拳师周子和担任教练,报名习武及摔跤者达400余人。曲阜一中回族教师王丽,1982年后在交内建立武术班,带领学生坚持基本功和基本技术的训练,成效甚佳。这种群众性的回族武术活动非止山东一省,全国各地回族都不分男女,无论老幼,齐心协力,荟萃技艺,继承流派,推阿出新,呈现出一派生龙活虎的新气象。在这种群众性武术活动基础上,又有一些回族知识分子,如兰州大学历史系马明达副教授,著书立说,对回族武术的历史、流派进行系统的总结和阐述。这一切都展示了中国回族武术发展的美好前景。

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